What are the hazards of offshore oil pollution？

 When oil pollutants enter the marine environment, they will cause various hazards, mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Impact on human health

The hazards of fuel oil in petroleum products to human health include anesthesia and asphyxia, chemical pneumonia, dermatitis, etc. For example, gasoline narcotic poison, acute poisoning can cause damage to the central nervous system and respiratory system; However, inhalation of a large amount of diesel droplets in a short time can cause chemical pneumonia. For example, the corrosion and leakage of underground oil tanks and oil pipelines pollute the soil and underground water sources, not only causing salinization and poisoning of the soil, resulting in soil damage and waste, but also its toxic substances can enter the food chain system through crops, especially groundwater, and ultimately directly endanger human beings. Especially after oil enters the sea, it can also be enriched in the human body through the food chain, thus causing serious harm to human health. Research shows that the toxic and harmful substances in gasoline, diesel oil and kerosene are harmful to human nervous system, urinary system, respiratory system, circulatory system and blood system. Foreign studies have found that the risk of acute leukemia of children living near the gas station or auto repair shop is four times higher than the average level, and the risk of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia of these children is seven times higher than that of children living in the same area but not near the gas station. Relevant statistics show that the number of birth defects of newborn babies in the country is as high as 800000-1.2 million every year; More than 110000 people die of liver cancer every year in the country, accounting for 42.5% of the world's annual liver cancer deaths.

2. Impact on aquatic organisms

Oil pollutants entering the marine environment will have a huge impact on the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms and the entire ecosystem. Toxic compounds in pollutants can change cell activity and cause acute poisoning and death of plankton such as algae. When the concentration of oil in the sea is 10-4~1-3mg/L, it can affect the early development of fish eggs and fish. The coating effect of oil will lead to a large number of bird deaths, such as the sinking of Exxon's Valde ship, which killed up to 30000 seabirds in four months. The heavy components in oil will also cause harm to benthos if they sink to the seabed. Oil will seep into higher plants such as rice grass and mangrove, change physiological functions such as cell permeability, and serious oil pollution will even lead to the death of these tidal zones and salt marsh plants. The chemical toxicity of oil to marine organisms varies according to the type and composition of oil. Generally, the toxicity of refined oil is higher than that of crude oil, and the toxicity of low molecular hydrocarbon is higher than that of high molecular hydrocarbon

The properties generally decrease in the order of aromatic hydrocarbon, olefin, cyclic hydrocarbon and chain hydrocarbon. Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to marine organisms, mainly

It destroys the normal structure and permeability of the cell membrane, interferes with the enzyme system of the organism, and then affects the normal physiology and biochemistry of the organism

Process. For example, oil pollution can reduce the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton, hinder cell division and reproduction, and make many animal embryos

Abnormal development and growth retardation of fetus and larva; Oil pollution can also cause diseases to some animals, such as gill necrosis, skin erosion, stomach disease and even cancer.

3. Impact on fishery.

Oil pollution can inhibit photosynthesis, reduce the content of O2 in seawater, destroy the normal physiological function of organisms, and make fishery resources gradually decline. In the polluted water area, its bad water quality causes a large number of breeding objects to die. The surviving ones also have peculiar smell due to oil pollutants, which makes them inedible. The data shows that fish and shellfish can have oil smell after living in seawater with oil content of 0.01mg/L for 24h, and if the concentration rises to 0.1mg/L, it can have peculiar smell after 2~3h. Marine oil pollution will change the migration route of some economic fish; Contamination of fish nets, aquaculture equipment and catch; Oily fish, shellfish and other seafood are difficult to sell or edible. Oil floats on the sea and spreads rapidly to form an oil film, which can be transferred and transformed through diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, photodegradation, biodegradation and absorption. Oil can stick to the gills of fish, suffocate fish, inhibit the spawning and hatching of waterfowl, destroy the impermeability of their feathers, and reduce the quality of aquatic products. The formation of oil film can hinder the reoxygenation of water body, affect the growth of marine plankton, and destroy the marine ecological balance.

4. Impact on tourism

Affected by ocean currents and waves, oil in the sea is easily accumulated on the shore, which pollutes the beach and destroys tourism resources. For example, the stranding oil spill of the Panamanian oil tanker "Prestige" in 2002 turned the originally beautiful coast of Galicia, Spain, into a black and oil-polluted hell on earth, causing a heavy blow to the local tourism industry.

5. Impact on the environment

The oil film formed by oil on the sea surface can hinder the gas exchange between the atmosphere and sea water, and affect the absorption, transmission and reflection of electromagnetic radiation on the sea surface. The oil film covering the polar ice for a long time will enhance the heat absorption capacity of the ice, accelerate the melting of the ice, and have a potential impact on global sea level change and long-term climate change. The oil in the sea and seawater will dissolve halogenated hydrocarbon and other pollutants

The hydrophilic component in the dye reduces the migration and transformation rate between its interfaces. Oil pollution will destroy coastal scenic spots and bathing beaches.