How to deal with offshore oil pollution?

On January 17, 2022, according to Peruvian media reports, Tonga volcanic eruption triggered a chain reaction, and a Peruvian oil tanker 10000 kilometers away leaked, polluting the coast. The refinery said that the volcanic eruption caused abnormal waves and caused leakage due to violent shaking when unloading oil from the ship. The government said that the leak was controlled within hours, and did not disclose the specific amount of oil leakage. But according to the pictures uploaded by the media, we can see that a large number of marine organisms have died due to oil pollution. Today we will talk about the impact of marine oil pollution on marine life. Pollution caused by oil and its refined products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.) entering the marine environment in the process of exploitation, refining, storage, transportation and use. It is currently a serious worldwide marine pollution. Its prevention and control must rely on global cooperation in order to be more effective. Pollution caused by oil and its products entering the marine environment in the process of exploitation, refining, storage, transportation and use. The discharge of various oily wastewater, ballast water and tank washing water of offshore ships, the distress of oil tankers, the leakage of oil pipelines and offshore oil exploitation are all important ways of marine oil pollution. It is estimated that the world's oil entering the sea through various ways is about 6 million tons per year. The oil film on the sea surface can hinder the gas exchange between the atmosphere and sea water, and affect the photosynthesis of marine plants. After the fur of sea animals and feathers of seabirds are stained by oil, they will lose the ability to keep warm, swim or fly. Oil pollutants will also interfere with the feeding, reproduction, growth and development of marine organisms, change the migration route of fish, pollute fishing gear and catches, and make marine products with oil smell and inedible. The greatest harm of marine oil pollution is the impact on marine organisms. Oil films and oil blocks can stick to a large number of fish eggs and young fish, causing the death of fish eggs, the deformity of young fish, and the smell of oil from fish and shrimp. The harm of marine oil pollution is multifaceted, such as the formation of oil film on the water surface, which hinders the gas exchange between the water and the atmosphere; Oil adheres to fish, algae and plankton, causing the death of marine organisms and destroying the living environment of seabirds, resulting in the death of seabirds and the decline of population. Oil pollution will also reduce the quality of aquatic products and cause economic losses. Although we human beings do not live in the sea, we are also victims of marine oil pollution. On the one hand, the marine fishing industry, seafood processing industry and coastal tourism will be seriously affected; On the other hand, oil contains a lot of toxic substances, which will also bioaccumulate through the food chain and eventually endanger human health. Although the ocean has the self purification ability to oil pollution, this ability is not unlimited. The impact of a major oil spill accident will last for more than ten years or even longer. Therefore, the best choice is to deal with the oil spill well before it occurs. For example, strictly control the discharge of oily sewage from coastal factories, improve the equipment performance of oil tankers, avoid marine accidents, monitor and warn the oil pollution in the sea area, and so on. After oil pollution occurs, oil containment boom can be used to block and surround the pvc boom to prevent its diffusion and drift. At the same time, various mechanical equipment can be used to recycle it as much as possible. For the parts that cannot be recycled, various low toxic chemical oil eliminators can be sprayed to eliminate it.

Here is the contene list:   

lConnection method of oil containment boom.

lStorage and maintenance of oil containment boom.

lThe function of The function of oil boom.

 

Connection method of oil containment boom.

 

As a commonly used oil pollution removal equipment at sea, the oil containment boom has made an important contribution to the interception of oil pollution and the reduction of oil pollution area, especially in combination with oil absorbent cotton to minimize pollution. Due to the different polluted areas, the pvc oil fence needs to be connected and arranged during use. In order to save time, it is best to unify the model and size of the oil containment boom to facilitate connection. Next, let's take a look at the connection method of the Rubber oil boom.

There are hook type joints and drill holes at both ends of the Rubberc oil fence, and each joint should be equipped with a self-locking bolt and bolted to the joint with a small steel wire rope of sufficient length; Using the water line of the Rubber oil boom as the reference point, the center of the first drill hole should be 12cm above the water line, and the second drill hole should be set 30cm below the first drill hole according to the total height of the joint. The installation direction of the joint is in the shape of a hook held by the right hand from the top, so that there is no difference between the left and right connections in the connection of the oil containment boom. The materials used for connectors and pins shall be able to resist the corrosion of seawater and other working environments. If different metal materials are used below the waterline, attention should be paid to avoid electrolytic corrosion during design. The joint of theoil containment boom should be tight to prevent oil leakage. Try pulling force after connection to see if it is loose.

Storage and maintenance of oil containment boom.

The storage and maintenance of the oil containment boom is directly related to the rapid oil spill emergency response and the effective implementation of containment operations. In order to ensure rapid response, the storage place of the pvc oil fence should be as close to the wharf, operation site and sensitive resource protection area as possible, and ensure that the storage place of the pvc oil fence is convenient for vehicles and ships to enter and leave. The oil fence stored outdoors should ensure that the storage place is well drained, pay attention to pests, moisture-proof, and avoid direct sunlight; When stored indoors, attention should also be paid to moisture resistance and good ventilation conditions, and necessary measures should be taken in advance to prevent pests (such as spreading rodenticide) according to the situation; The floating boom that need to be folded and stored should be placed on the spacer frame and no other items should be stacked on it to avoid the deformation of the oil containment fence caused by excessive pressure, and the stacked oil booms should be regularly inspected, and the original folding trace should be avoided when folding again; If it is necessary to store the pvc oil fence on the reel, avoid distortion of the oil boom during the winding process, and regularly unfold the wrapped pvc silt curtain, and then recycle it after inspection. The maintenance of the pvc silt curtain mainly refers to the daily maintenance and the maintenance after the recovery operation. The maintenance after the recycling operation mainly checks whether the oil containment boom is damaged, whether the accessories are complete or whether it needs to be replaced and repaired; Routine maintenance generally check whether the pvc silt curtain is worn, broken, fiber aging, connector corrosion or damage caused by pulling and other loading and unloading reasons, and carry out necessary maintenance and replacement; The oil containment boom that has been placed in the water area for a long time should also be maintained regularly. Generally, the oil containment boom should be towed ashore regularly according to the specific situation to remove the marine organisms and other adhesion attached to the surface of the floating boom; No matter what kind of maintenance is carried out, it is necessary to make detailed records and arrange the inspection and maintenance items according to the records, so as to ensure that all the contents involved in the oil containment boom can be generally inspected and maintained within a certain period of time, so as to keep the oil containment boom in a good standby state at all times.

The function of oil containment boom.

loil spill containment and concentration

After an oil spill accident, the oil spill will rapidly spread and drift under the influence of tide, wind and other external factors, forming a large area of pollution. When oil spills occur in open waters, inshore waters or ports, pvc oil fence should be placed in time to control the spilled oil in diffusion in time. By dragging or narrowing the enclosure range through the pvc silt curtain, the oil film can be gathered to a smaller range for recycling, which can not only prevent the spread of oil spills, but also increase the thickness of oil film for recycling or other treatment.

loverflow diversion

After the oil spill accident, under the action of external factors, the oil spill will drift and spread at will. In order to facilitate the recovery operation or to dredge the oil spill flow to the designated place, especially in the area with turbulent river or near shore water flow, in order to effectively control the flow direction of the oil spill for recovery or to prevent the oil from entering the sensitive area, the oil containment boom is usually used to set an external defense according to the set angle. There are generally two situations for oil spill diversion. One is to arrange the oil containment boom for a long time, which is generally arranged at the water intake and power plant; Another situation is to set up oil containment boom near reefs, mainly when oil spills occur, temporarily set up oil containment fence according to the specific situation, so as to realize the diversion of oil spills and lead the oil spills to areas that are easy to recover or other areas of non sensitive resources.

lprevent potential oil spills

Preventing potential oil spills usually refers to placing pvc silt curtain in advance for oil spill prevention and control according to the local water conditions where oil spills may occur or there is an oil spill risk. This can prevent the spread of oil spills when oil spills really occur, and take recovery measures to recover the oil spills in the containment in time. When a ship carries out oil loading and unloading operations at the wharf or oil lightering at the anchorage, it is usually necessary to arrange an pvc silt curtain in advance according to the specified requirements for setting control; Sometimes, a grounded or sunken ship should be properly enclosed and controlled according to the actual situation before it is salvaged.

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